Differentiate between zoning variances and rezoning; when might each be pursued?

• A. Variance alters a specific zoning rule for a parcel; rezoning changes the zoning designation; variances are for unique constraints; rezoning for new use or redevelopment
• B. Rezoning changes a zoning rule for a parcel; Variance changes the zoning designation
• C. Variance is a tax credit; Rezoning affects signage
• D. Variance is about building height; Rezoning about parking minimums

Answer: (A)

Zoning variances and rezoning are two ways to adjust how land can be used, but they operate in different scopes. A variance gives a narrow, site-specific permission to depart from a particular zoning rule for one parcel when strict enforcement would cause a unique hardship due to that property's characteristics. It does not change the zoning designation; it simply relaxes a standard like setbacks, height, or parking for that property, often with conditions to protect public interests. Rezoning is a formal map change that alters the zoning designation of the property (or area) so a different use or density is allowed, and it may apply to broader redevelopment plans. It’s pursued when the current zoning prevents a reasonable use or the kind of redevelopment desired, such as switching from residential to mixed-use or commercial use. The given choice correctly states these distinctions and typical purposes.